Extensive Kaposi's sarcoma in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Case Report

Abstract

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm, the causative agent is human herpes virus 8 and the second most frequent tumor after non-Hodgkin lymphoma related to the human immunodeficiency virus (VIH). We present the case of a 40-year-old male with no history of chronic diseases, who began his condition with adenopathies in the bilateral inguinal region, adding a productive cough, lymphedema, and skin lesions with nodular characteristics and bleeding ulcers. A positive HIV test was reported, and a biopsy was performed, showing evidence of a spindle cell neoplasm compatible with KS. Laboratories with hemoglobin 8.3 mg/dL, platelets 239,000/uL, leukocytes 7.29/uL, glucose 76 mg/dL, creatinine 2.2 mg/dL, urea 80 mg/dL, albumin 1.69 g/dL, TGO 18 IU/L, TGP 5 IU/L, DHL 189 IU/L, viral load 283,259 copies and CD4 192 cells. Chest and abdomen computed tomography with evidence of pleural effusion, and multiple retroperitoneal and inguinal adenopathies. Starting concomitant retroviral treatment with liposomal doxorubicin, improving clinical status and laboratory parameters. HIV-infected people are at high risk of developing KS, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to reduce the incidence.