Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis Due to Heat Stroke
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Abstract
Introduction: Heat stroke is a well-known condition among people who live in high climate temperatures. In the city of Mexicali, temperatures above 40° C (104° F) are common during summer time, with constant admissions to the emergency room due to classic heat stroke. Hypotension, polypnea, anuria, coma, respiratory failure and kidney failure, were related to a higher mortality rate.
Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study of patients during the period of June to August 2018, with heat stroke defined as a central body temperature of 40°c or higher, cognitive impairment and recent exposure to high temperatures, admitted to the Emergency Room of the General Hospital of Mexicali. At arrival, a full medical history was taken and laboratory tests were obtained.
Results: twenty-eight patients were admitted with the confirmed diagnosis of classical heat stroke, with a rectal temperature between 40 to 42.2°C. Of these patients, 13 developed rhabdomyolysis, with CPK levels ranging from 1030 U/l to 18977 U/l. From these 13 patients with rhabdomyolysis, 12 developed AKI (p=0.003). Mortality in the group of patients who developed rhabdomyolysis was greater than those who did not develop rhabdomyolysis.
Conclusion: The development of Rhabdomyolysis is a high-risk factor for acute kidney injury and death.
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