Breast Reconstruction: An Actual Review

Abstract

Breast reconstruction is recommended for patients diagnosed with breast cancer who require mastectomy, are candidates for breast-conserving surgery, or have genetic mutations necessitating prophylactic mastectomy. Reconstruction can be immediate or delayed, depending on patient preference and completion of cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immediate reconstruction involves placing a tissue expander or implant at the time of mastectomy, while delayed reconstruction can occur weeks or years later. Reconstruction techniques include the use of implants or autologous tissue, such as skin, fat, or muscle from areas like the abdomen, back, or thighs. Autologous reconstruction offers a natural result but requires two surgical sites and poses higher risks of complications. Flap procedures like TRAM and DIEP are commonly used, with careful consideration of patient comorbidities. The final stage of reconstruction involves nipple and areola reconstruction, typically using tattooing methods.